2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Photosystem II

Photosystem II

Photosystem II is a key multi-enzyme chlorophyll-protein complex in photosynthesis of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms such as plants, which catalyzes the light-induced electron transfer from water to plastoquinone, releasing oxygen. In photosynthesis, PSII and LHCII are mainly present in the granule membrane, and PSII inhibitors are widely used in herbicide synthesis.

Photosystem II Related Products (10):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W015816
    2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone
    		99.36%
    2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone (2,6-DMBQ) is a benzoquinone derivative. 2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone promotes Photosystem II-mediated photoelectrochemical water oxidation via electron transfer between spinach chloroplast Photosystem II membranes and carbon paste electrodes, and accepts electrons from Photosystem II during oxygen evolution assays. 2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone undergoes direct photolysis in aqueous solution under 365 nm conditions, producing 2,6-dimethylhydroquinone and 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone.
    2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone
  • HY-N6715
    Tenuazonic acid
    		Inhibitor 99.58%
    Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer.
    Tenuazonic acid
  • HY-W653921
    Tenuazonic acid-d13
    		Inhibitor 99.20%
    Tenuazonic acid-d13 is deuterium labeled Tenuazonic acid. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer.
    Tenuazonic acid-d<sub>13</sub>
  • HY-N9625
    Violaxanthin
    		98.00%
    Violaxanthin is a lipophilic epoxy carotenoid and a light energy scavenger with biological activities such as antioxidation and anti-inflammation. Violaxanthin exists in photosynthetic eukaryotes including higher plants and participates in the xanthophyll cycle. As a component of the xanthophyll cycle, violaxanthin can be synthesized from zeaxanthin under the catalysis of epoxidase and scavenge excess light energy in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
    Violaxanthin
  • HY-W778649
    Sarmentine-d8
    		Inhibitor
    Sarmentine-d8 is the deuterium labeled Sarmentine. Sarmentine is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide and PSII inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.0 μM and a Ki of 1.5 μM against spinach, an IC50 of 1.72 μM against wild-type Amaranthus retroflexus, and an IC50 of 0.97 μM against triazine-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus. Sarmentine competitively binds to the QB binding site of plastoquinone on PSII, thereby blocking photosynthetic electron transport. Sarmentine inhibits enoyl-ACP reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana by targeting the early fatty acid synthesis process, with an IC50 of 18.3 μM. Sarmentine induces light-independent loss of plasma membrane integrity and electrolyte leakage. Sarmentine also exhibits antiplasmodial, antimycobacterial, antituberculous, and antiplatelet aggregation activities.
    Sarmentine-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-W099725
    Sarmentine
    		Inhibitor
    Sarmentine is a broad-spectrum contact herbicide and PSII inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3.0 μM and a Ki of 1.5 μM against spinach, an IC50 of 1.72 μM against wild-type Amaranthus retroflexus, and an IC50 of 0.97 μM against triazine-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus. Sarmentine competitively binds to the QB binding site of plastoquinone on PSII, thereby blocking photosynthetic electron transport. Sarmentine inhibits enoyl-ACP reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana by targeting the early fatty acid synthesis process, with an IC50 of 18.3 μM. Sarmentine induces light-independent loss of plasma membrane integrity and electrolyte leakage. Sarmentine also exhibits antiplasmodial, antimycobacterial, antituberculous, and antiplatelet aggregation activities.
    Sarmentine
  • HY-W725574
    Dimidazon
    		Inhibitor
    Dimidazon (BAS 29095) is a weak electron transport inhibitor targeting photosystem II (PSII). Dimidazon inhibits electron transfer from the primary electron acceptor Q in PSII to photosystem I. Dimidazon is promising for research of photosynthesis regulation and weed control.
    Dimidazon
  • HY-150033
    Sorgoleone
    		Inhibitor
    Sorgoleone is a photosystem II inhibitor found in sorghum. Sorgoleone binds to the QB niche of the D1 protein, inhibits photosynthetic electron transport, and does not affect photosystem I reactions. Sorgoleone reduces radicle elongation and stunts growth. Sorgoleone inhibits CO2-dependent oxygen evolution, photosynthetic O2 evolution, and mitochondrial respiration. Sorgoleone can be used as a herbicide.
    Sorgoleone
  • HY-N6715R
    Tenuazonic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tenuazonic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tenuazonic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tenuazonic acid is a nonhost-selective mycotoxin belonging to the tetramic acids family. Tenuazonic acid inhibits protein biosynthesis on ribosomes by suppressing the release of new protein. Tenuazonic acid is acutely toxic, and oral LD50 is set between 81-186 mg/kg in rats and mice. Tenuazonic acid blocks electron transport beyond the primary quinone receptor (QA) by interacting with the D1 protein and is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor. In addition, Tenuazonic acid has antiviral effects on measles virus, enterovirus, respiratory virus and so on. Tenuazonic acid has an inhibitory effect on skin cancer.
    Tenuazonic acid (Standard)
  • HY-121242
    Buthidazole
    		Inhibitor
    Buthidazole is a selective herbicide for weed control in corn. Buthidazole inhibits photosynthetic electron transport at two distinct sites in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The major site of inhibition was on the reducing side of photosystem II. Another site of electron transport inhibition is on the oxidizing side of photosystem II. Buthidazole inhibits corn photosynthesis and prevents starch accumulation in bundle sheath chloroplasts and some ultrastructural disruption of mesophyl chloroplasts of corn plants.
    Buthidazole